Heating and ventilating apparatus and system



(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 1.

F. P. SMITH. HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM. N0. 509,332 Patented NOV. 21, 1893.

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P. P. SMITH. HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM.

No. 509,332. Patented Nov. 21, 1893.

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FRED P. SMITH, OF IVOROESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

HEATING AND VENTILATI NG APPARATUS AND SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 509,332, dated November 21, 1893.

Application filed November 30, 1891. Serial No. 413,469. (No model.)

invention, the section through the stack being taken transversely at the point indicated by line a a in Fig. 3, looking in the direction of arrow a same figure. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the stack shown in Fig. 1 taken at the point indicated by line b b Fig. 3, looking in the direction of arrow 1) same figure. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section through said stack, taken at the point indicated by lines 0 c, c 0, Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of part of the stack and apparatus shown in Fig. 1, and showing the nature of mv improved air-regulating valve, hereinafter described, by full and dotted lines indicating it at different positions to more clearly illustrate the invention.

My invention relates principally to what are.

commonly known as blower systems for warming and ventilating school and other public buildings, and consists in the arrangement of the heating appliances in connection essentially as described with the fresh air supply; the mode of controlling the supply of fresh air to the rooms, either warmed or not, the means for diverting the heat from the room when desired, and for the discharge of the vitiated air therefrom, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

I will first state briefly what I know to be old or patented in said systems; some of the principal objections thereto, and what I believe to be new; after which, a detailed description will be given of my improvements with reference to the accompanying draw- It is old to warm several rooms in a building by heated air forced from one common or central hot-air chamber. In such system the air for all the rooms leaves the heatingchamber at the same temperature and pressure, while the uses or exposures of the several rooms may vary, and thus require the air at varying temperatures in order to maintain within the severalrooms a uniform or desired degree of temperature. It is also old in blower systems to force air from or through heating appliances located at a central point to the several rooms of the building, and by means of valves and a double system of ducts, or by the use of mixing valves tosuppl either warm or cold air to the rooms. y such method however, it is very difficult and expensive to secure a continuous flow of air at a temperature controllable by the occupants of the rooms, and satisfactory heating can be obtained only when the fan or blower is in operation. I am aware that it is also old in heating by steam or hot water by ordinary methods withoutthe use of mechanical power, to arrange a radiator in such a manner in connection with an air duct or wall opening that fresh air may be admitted through said radiator, or shut 01f wholly or in part as desired; or, in some instances permitted to enter through the radiater base. In my improved system, for each of the several rooms, I provide an upright stack comprising a fresh air inlet flue 0r duct and a foul air exit flue or ductadjoining or in the wall of the room, and having openings thereinto, as illustrated; and I arrange a radiator in the upright fresh air flue in the Wall of the room, at a position partiallyin the height thereof, and between upper and lower openings in such relation that the inflowing air from a central source of induced supplyor blowing apparatus common to the several rooms, may be directed either through the radiator to warm said air and delivered into the upper part of the room; or directed through the opening at the lower part of the room without contact with said radiator,-thus entering unheated; or again, when ventilation is not desired, the air from within the room may be reheated by said air circulat'ng through the part of the flue containing t e radiator; the regulation being effected by the use of a controlling valve, elsewhere described, which, as it shuts off the outside air at the same time admits the air from within the room to the radiator. In this system it willbe observed that each room is both heated and ventilated independent of all the other rooms, which is of especial advantage in the heating and ventilation of office buildings, court houses, city halls and similar buildings in which it frequently occurs that only a few of the rooms are occupied at the same time. In the blower systems heretofore employed the same machinery must be used for heating one room as would be employed in heat ing the whole building; while no part of the building is warmed while vacated without the fan or blower is in operation, thus necessitating a large expenditure in fuel and much 1 5 attention which I am enabled to save by providing for reheating the air within any or all the rooms when the fan or blower in not in operation. I am also enabled by the method herein described to produce independent warmed fresh air supply at any desired temperature for each room, without regard to what the outside influences may be thereon; or, part of the rooms can be supplied only with unwarmed fresh air, while in others the unwarmed fresh air may be partially or wholly shut off and the air therein warmed by the radiator, as aforesaid; thus meeting the conditions or requirements in heating de termiued by the different locations of the 0 various rooms and the degree of their exposure to outside atmospheric influences; furthermore part of the rooms only may be heated, while others may be both heated and ventilated.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates the ventilating stack composed of a series of fines or air duets, as shown in Fig. 3, for conducting the fresh air to, and foul air from the rooms adjoining. The stack A shownin the drawings, comprises six ducts and is designed for the heating and ventilating of four rooms; that is, a two story building with two rooms on a floor. The fresh air is admitted to the rooms from their respective supply ducts through openings A designed to be located about eight feet from the floor, and also through an opening A at or near the floor. The foul or vitiated air is discharged from the respective rooms through the openings A located near the floor thereof. Each of said openings may, as usual, be provided and supplied with warm air from the next adjoining ducts, G, O, which latter being cut off or divided between the first and second stories by 5 5 one or more horizontal partitions e, serve also as foul air ducts for the second story rooms. The fresh air is supplied to said second story rooms by the ducts D, D, and all the fresh air ducts are in turn supplied from a main fresh air duct E in the basement connecting with the opening F in the outer wall G of the building. If desired a group of heating coils E may be located in said fresh air duct near its outer end and the fan, as is shown in Fig.

0'5 1, to partly warm the current of fresh air, but I do not limit myself to the use thereof. The usual fan or blower H is arranged in said main fresh air duct, preferably near the outside opening F, as is shown in Fig. 1. Its exact location, however, is not material so long as it is arranged to force the air into and through the various fresh air ducts connected with and branching from said main duct. In each of the openings A there is arranged an adjustable valve J, made in such manner as hereinafter described, that the opening, as well as the fresh air duct, may be left open to its full capacity,or either partially or wholly closed, as may be required in obtaining the desired result, which will also be hereinafter more fully explained.

A steam or hot water radiator I isarranged in each fresh air duct between the openings A and A thereof, with suitable connections for the supply thereto of steam or hot water, which in practice is regulated by a shut-off cock located in the basement, in the room opposite the radiator, as is indicated by dotted lines in Fig. l, or, at any other convenient, accessible point. Each radiator, it will be understood, is preferably made of sufficient heating capacity to properly warm the room with which it is connected in the coldest weather.

Between the radiators and the openings A above, in the fresh air ducts, openings A may be formed in the partition between said fresh air ducts and the foul air duets, adjoining, and said openings A are each provided with a suitable valve A hung from the top and in practice, provided with a suitable operating chain and crank device whereby the valve may be opened and closed from the room adjoining. As said operating mechanism may be of any well-known construction, it is deemed unnecessary to illustrate the same in the drawings.

The purpose of the opening and valve A A is to provide a way for the heat when not required in the room, to pass off up the ventilating flue instead of into said room, such provision, being frequently desirable when too much heat is supplied from the heating apparatus due to its improper control by the attendant, or when a sudden change in the weather occurs from a cold to a moderate or warm temperature, while the appa 'atus is under full headway. Ordinarily said opening and valve would not be used in the operation of my improved system, being provided simply to meet the above exigency at irregular intervals, as occasion may require.

The valves J, (see Fig. 4) are each constructed and operated in the following manner: An open, metal framef about the size of opening A is pivoted at the base of the opening to suitable bearings g, secured to the stack A, and within said frame is fitted a metal flap or door h which is pivoted at t' to the outer end of said frame, and is adapted to swing both ways, to one side or the other of the frame. The frame and its door may be swung on their pivots independently by means of suitable cords or chains j is connected with the outer of free ends thereof, and with a suitable wheel or pulley Z fitted to turn in a suitable stationary bearing in the stack A, and operated by any Well known means, which means it is deemed unnecessary to show. By thus constructing valve J as above described, it will be seen that when the frame and its door are both in a vertical position as is indicated by full lines in Fig. 4, the whole volume of fresh air forced through the duct from the blower, passes up through or around the radiator and thence to the room, through the upper opening A or, if valve A is partly opened, then partly into both the room and foul air duct, as is indicated by the arrows. Assuming the frame to be in the above named position, by swinging its door in, partially or wholly across the duct, the fresh air from the blower may be directed partly up through the radiator and partly through the opening A into the room, or wholly through said opening A or, if desired, the fresh air supply may be entirely shut off, by swinging both the frame and its door across the duct so that the frame will rest at its outer end against the opposite wall or partition thereof, or a hook m fastened therein, as is indicated by dotted lines J. The last described position is that into which the valve would be adjusted when the room is unoccupied, and when no ventilation is required; when thus adj usted only the air in the room would circulate about and through the radiator. Each room being thus heated and ventilated independently, the proper temperature of each separate room is maintained easly and conveniently, as Well as with greater certainty also at less expense in fuel, than by the use, of a blower system in which all the rooms are heated from one common or central hot air chamber.

Having now described my invention, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. In a heating and ventilating system, the following elements in combination; the main fresh air inlet duct, the fan or blower therein, the separate branch fresh air ducts leading from said main duct and connecting with the respective rooms by upper and lower openings, the foul air exit-ducts connecting with said rooms, the radiators respectively arranged adjacent to the rooms within the fresh air ducts between said upper and lower openings, and the adjustable valves disposed within the fresh air ducts below the radiators for controlling the duct passage, and the lower opening therefrom into the room, all substantially as shown and described.

2. In a heating or ventilating system, the upright flue or air-supply duct having two openings therefrom into the room, one near the floor and the other at the upper part of the room, the steam radiator situated withinv said flue between said openings at a position of partial height of the room, the two-part valve at the lower opening adapted for controlling either the duct passage or the opening therefrom into the room, said valve composed of a hinged open frame and a door hinged to said frame, one of which parts being hinged at its bottom edge and the other at its top edge, and means for independently swinging the separate parts of said valve on their respective hinges, for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination in heating and ventilating apparatus, of afresh-air-inlet duct having upper and lower openings therefrominto the room, a radiator within said duct between its openings, the foul-air-exit duct adjacent to said inlet duct, a pass-way communicating Without the room from one of said ducts laterally into the other; said pass-way situated below said upper opening and above the radiator, and a movable valve controlling said pass-way opening, for the purpose set forth.

4. In a heating and ventilating system, the stack A having an opening A therein, connecting the fresh air duct with the room, in combination with the valve J, consisting of the frame f pivoted to said stack at one side of said opening, the flap or door 7t fitted within said frame and in turn pivoted to the frame at the outer or free end thereof, and means for operating said frame, and flap or door independently, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

FRED P. SMITH.

Witnesses:

A. A. BARKER, W. B. NOURSE. 

